Traditionally referred to as འབྱུང་​​ཁུངས་​​ཀྱི་​​སྒྲ་, literally “sound of the source,” indicates provenance (“from”); it also marks causal or temporal subordinate clauses, in which case it may be translated by “because” or “after,” or simply by “and.” Another ablative marker ལས་ is also used in Literary Tibetan. However, this form is restricted to the use of comparative marker in the spoken language.