Opening Reported Speech
- Speaker + གིས་
- Speaker + ན་རེ་
- Title (of the cited text) + ལས་
- (Speaker +) འདི་སྐད་དོ་, or འདི་སྐད་ཅེས་སོ་
- Speaker + གི་ཞལ་ནས་ (Literally: “From the mouth of...”)
- The explicative conjunction སྟེ་ and the final particle འོ་ and their variants (xxlink Table: Variant Written forms of Grammatical Cases and Morphemes) are often used to indicate the opening of a citation.