One of the two main styles of translating texts in Indian languages, Chinese, and other languages into Tibetan. Each word and grammatical construction of the source text is rendered into Tibetan, making a faithful Tibetan translation that however is often clumsy in terms of word order, syntax, grammar, and so forth. In contrast, a word translation (don 'gyur)—the other main translation style—renders the meaning of the source text in a more holistic way, using more natural Tibetan constructions and style. Most of the translations made during the second dissemination of Buddhism in Tibet (phyi dar, mid-tenth century on) are said to employ the word translation style.